A Study to Assess the Prevalence of Anemia Among Adolescent Girls with the View to Develop Structured Teaching Programme at Selected Schools in Mangalore

Abstract

Anemia remains a significant public health challenge among adolescent girls in India, with prevalence rates exceeding 50% in coastal regions like Mangaluru due to poor dietary habits, menstrual blood loss, and limited awareness. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme (STP) in enhancing knowledge and reducing anemia prevalence among adolescent girls. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was employed with 100 girls aged 13-19 years from selected schools in Mangaluru, divided into experimental (n=50) and control (n=50) groups. The STP, spanning four 45-minute sessions over two weeks, covered nutrition, iron-rich foods, hygiene, and deworming using interactive modules, videos, and demonstrations. Data were collected via a structured knowledge questionnaire and hemoglobin estimation using Sahli's method. Pretest knowledge scores were low (mean 12.4±3.2), with anemia prevalence at 62%. Post-test results showed a significant improvement in the experimental group (mean knowledge score 24.6±2.8, p<0.001; anemia reduced to 28%, p<0.05), compared to minimal changes in the control group. The STP proves effective in empowering adolescent girls with knowledge and skills to combat anemia. Recommendations include integrating such programmes into school curricula for sustainable impact.