Identifying Maternal and Pregnancy-Related Factors Linked to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a major public health concern associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Its prevalence is increasing worldwide, particularly in developing countries.

Objective: To identify risk factors associated with GDM among pregnant women attending community clinics in Bangladesh.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 122 pregnant women at 24–28 weeks of gestation attending community clinics in Bangladesh, using convenience sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire and an initial screening form. Blood pressure, BMI, and a 50-g glucose challenge test were assessed; a 1-hour blood glucose level >11.0 mmol/L was considered diagnostic of GDM, while levels between 7.8 and 11.0 mmol/L were followed by a diagnostic Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) according to standard guidelines. Data were analyzed using SPSS with descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square/Fisher’s exact tests and binary logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05 with a 95% confidence interval.

Results: The prevalence of GDM was 17.2%. Significant associations were observed between GDM and gestational age, BMI, hypertension, irregular menstrual cycles, first-degree family history of diabetes, previous abortion, and history of a large-sized baby.

Conclusion: GDM was relatively common among pregnant women attending community clinics. Early screening, identification, and management of modifiable risk factors are essential to improve maternal and fetal health outcomes.