Exploring the Knowledge and Awareness of Modern Contraceptives among Female Students of Edwin Clark University, Kiagbodo, South-South Nigeria

Abstract

Despite high global contraceptive awareness, unintended pregnancies remain a significant challenge among female undergraduates in Nigeria, often resulting in academic disruptions and unsafe health outcomes. This study investigated the knowledge and awareness of modern contraceptives among a population of 798 students, with a sample size of 293, from Edwin Clark University, Kiagbodo, Delta State, using a descriptive cross-sectional design. A stratified random sampling technique and the Taro Yamane formula were used to determine the sample size, and data were collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) were applied at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings showed near-universal awareness of modern contraceptives (94.88%); however, 56.0% demonstrated good knowledge, indicating a notable knowledge–awareness gap. Awareness was highest for male condoms (92.83%) and lowest for long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), such as intrauterine devices (14.68%). Social media was the most frequently cited source of information (91.81%), whereas health professionals were the most trusted (41.64%), revealing a trust–source paradox in information-seeking behaviour. Knowledge was significantly associated with age (χ² = 18.92, p < 0.001) and level of study (χ² = 36.88, p < 0.001), but not with marital status or religious affiliation. The study concludes that although awareness is high, comprehensive knowledge, particularly of LARCs, remains moderate and is largely influenced by age and academic exposure. It is therefore recommended that University Health Services implement structured, peer-led reproductive health programs targeting entry-level students, with emphasis on LARCs and abstinence, while leveraging verified digital platforms to bridge the gap between accessibility and clinical credibility.