Prevalence and Awareness of Preterm Birth among Women Who Gave Birth in Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Southeast, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Preterm birth remains a critical public health concern worldwide, profoundly affecting neonatal health by contributing to both morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of preterm birth and examine the level of awareness among mothers who delivered at Abia State University Teaching Hospital (ABSUTH) in Aba, Southeast Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2022 to June 2024, targeting mothers who had given birth at ABSUTH and met the inclusion criteria. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire and a review of medical records. The study assessed socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric history, and knowledge of preterm birth. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, employing descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The study found that 21.5% of participants had experienced preterm birth. Awareness of preterm birth was reported by 75.6% of respondents, with 73.5% believing it could be prevented. A significant correlation was observed between awareness of preterm birth and both education level (r = 0.57, p = 0.000) and antenatal care (ANC) attendance (r = 0.45, p = 0.000). The primary risk factors identified included antepartum hemorrhage (17.1%), premature rupture of membranes (20.6%), and short interpregnancy intervals. Additionally, chi-square analysis revealed significant associations between preterm birth awareness and factors such as age, education, place of residence, occupation, and ANC attendance (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Despite a high prevalence of preterm birth, awareness among mothers remains suboptimal. Educational interventions and improved maternal healthcare services are needed to enhance knowledge and reduce preterm birth incidence. Strengthening ANC services and targeted community health programs could improve maternal and neonatal outcomes in the region.