Factors Influencing the Choice of Contraceptive Methods Among Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Contraceptive use is essential for family planning and maternal health; however, various socio-demographic, economic, and cultural factors influence women's choices. Understanding these factors among antenatal clinic attendees in Nigeria is crucial for designing effective reproductive health interventions. This study aimed to assess the factors influencing contraceptive choice among women attending antenatal clinics in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in selected antenatal clinics across various geopolitical zones in Nigeria. A multistage sampling approach was employed to recruit 405 pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 49. Data collection was facilitated through a structured and pre-tested questionnaire, which encompassed socio-demographic details, awareness of contraceptives, prior usage, and factors influencing their adoption. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, were conducted using SPSS (version 26.0), with significance determined at p < 0.05. Results: Among the respondents, 91.4% had heard about contraceptive methods, with health facilities (49.4%) being the most common source of information. The prevalence of previous contraceptive use was 71.6%, while current usage was 44.4%. The most common influencing factors were self-decision (44.4%), spouse/partner influence (29.6%), and healthcare provider guidance (12.3%). Accessibility was a key determinant, with 49.4% reporting contraceptives as somewhat accessible. Correlation analysis showed significant associations between education level and contraceptive awareness (r = 0.62, p < 0.001) and fear of side effects with non-usage (r = 0.47, p < 0.001). Chi-square analysis indicated significant associations between age, marital status, education level, accessibility, and contraceptive use (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings highlight the role of education, marital status, accessibility, and perceived side effects in contraceptive choices. Addressing barriers through improved awareness, partner involvement, and enhanced healthcare services can enhance contraceptive uptake.