Reading Format Preference (Paper-Based vs. Digital) and Academic Outcomes Among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Digital technology has become a central component of higher education, providing rapid access to e-books, online libraries, and mobile learning platforms that support flexible and interactive learning environments. Aim: To assess the relationship between reading format preference and academic outcomes among nursing students. Design: Cross-sectional study; Setting: College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Qurayyat, Jouf University; Sampling Technique: Convenience sampling; Sample Size: 214 students; Tool for Data Collection: Structured self-administered questionnaire. Results: Digital reading was more common (64.5%), while 35.5% preferred paper-based materials. comprehension (4.87±0.66 vs. 4.72±0.68), and retention (4.19±0.61 vs. 4.05±0.63), although differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Moderate significant correlations were found between paper-based reading and academic outcomes (r = 0.32–0.41, p < 0.05), with no significant associations with demographic variables. Conclusion: Paper-based reading shows a modest academic advantage despite the predominant use of digital media. Recommendations: Promote balanced use of printed and digital resources and reinforce effective study strategies.