Knowledge and Practices of Menstrual Hygiene for Infection Prevention Among Adolescent Girls in Ghana

Abstract

challenges due to limited knowledge, cultural taboos, and inadequate access to sanitary materials. This study assessed knowledge and practices of menstrual hygiene for infection prevention among adolescent girls in Ghana. Poor menstrual hygiene can significantly increase the risk of reproductive tract infections and other microbial complications, underscoring the vital role of nursing education and preventive health strategies in promoting adolescent well-being.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 adolescent girls aged 10–15 years who had experienced menarche. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 28. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic characteristics, knowledge, practices, and attitudes. Chi-square tests examined associations, and Pearson correlation analysis explored relationships between hygiene practices and reproductive tract infection (RTI) symptoms.

Results: The majority (60%) of participants were aged 13–15 years, and 70% resided in peri-urban communities. Awareness of menstruation prior to menarche was high (85%), with mothers (55%) and teachers (20%) as primary sources. While 72% demonstrated correct hygiene practices, 42% changed pads less than twice daily, often due to financial constraints. Disposal methods were suboptimal, with 50% using open pits or refuse dumps. Attitudes varied, with 35% associating menstruation with shame. Significant associations were found between age and knowledge (χ² = 9.76, p < 0.05) and socio-economic background and sanitary material use (χ² = 13.42, p < 0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed moderate positive relationships between poor hygiene practices and RTI symptoms: infrequent pad changing (r = 0.42, p < 0.01), use of cloth/tissue (r = 0.36, p < 0.05), and unsafe disposal methods (r = 0.31, p < 0.05).

Despite high awareness, gaps in menstrual hygiene practices and attitudes persist among adolescent girls. Poor hygiene behaviors significantly increase the risk of RTIs, threatening long-term reproductive health. Targeted education, improved access to sanitary products, and culturally sensitive interventions are essential to promote menstrual health and school participation. Nurses and health educators play a pivotal role in equipping girls with the knowledge and skills to manage menstruation safely and with dignity.