Performance Enhancement of Tall Buildings through Structural Optimization: A Review

Abstract

The rapid growth of urbanization has led to an increasing demand for tall buildings, which serve as multifunctional spaces accommodating residential, commercial, and institutional needs. However, the structural design of these buildings presents significant challenges due to high lateral loads, seismic effects, wind-induced vibrations, and material efficiency considerations. Structural optimization has emerged as a crucial approach to enhance the performance of tall buildings by improving their strength, serviceability, and sustainability while reducing construction costs and environmental impact. This review paper explores various optimization strategies, including material optimization, geometric configuration, load-path efficiency, and the integration of innovative structural systems such as outrigger–belt systems, diagrams, mega-bracing, and tuned mass damping. Advanced computational methods, including finite element modeling, evolutionary algorithms, and performance-based design, are highlighted as key tools in achieving optimized solutions. The study emphasizes how optimization not only ensures safety and stability under extreme loading conditions but also contributes to energy efficiency and sustainable construction practices. Future research directions are identified, focusing on the integration of artificial intelligence and digital twin technologies for real-time structural optimization in high-rise construction.