Evolution of Latch Systems: From Mechanical Devices to AI-Integrated Smart Security Solutions

Abstract

Latches are crucial mechanical components used in the commercial, industrial, and residential sectors to secure doors, windows, and enclosures. The construction, operation, and applications of latch systems are all thoroughly examined in this study. The components of conventional latch mechanisms, including the latch bolt, spring, handle, and strike plate, are analysed. Additionally, it covers how door latches operate when they are opened and closed. Conventional latch systems are changing into intelligent systems that incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) due to the quick advances in technology. This study investigates contemporary implementations like intrusion detection, real-time monitoring, and OTP-based access control. In order to assess practical performance, a case study on the deployment of smart latches in rental systems is included. The results of the experiment show increased intrusion detection (~95% reliability), decreased response time (<1.5 s), and improved authentication accuracy (~98%). The results show that smart latch systems greatly increase operational effectiveness, security, and accessibility.