Laser-Driven Smart Fence: A Novel Approach to Wildlife Deterrence in Agriculture

Abstract

Crop damage in areas where wild animals intrude into agricultural fields can exceed 100%, which is still a serious worry. Over 165,000 tonnes of grain were damaged by wildlife in India alone in 2020, nearly double the amount lost in 2014. A new, inexpensive, and energy-efficient Laser Beam Security System (LBSS) for crop security is presented in this work. The suggested system uses the accuracy of laser and Light-Dependent Resistor (LDR) technology to overcome the drawbacks of conventional surveillance techniques, such as their high labour dependency and motion detector false alarms. An analysis of current electronic deterrence devices shows that they are expensive and vulnerable to influence from the environment. This work is innovative because it combines basic electronic parts, such as a buzzer, resistors, capacitors, an LDR, a BC547 transistor, and a laser source, into a modular system that can enclose agricultural fields with a strong, imperceptible boundary. Circuit design, assembly, and real-time field testing in a range of lighting and terrain situations are all part of the technique. The technology effectively alerts farmers and deters wildlife by triggering a high-frequency buzzer (12–20 kHz) when a trespassing animal interrupts the beam. Test findings show continuous performance in a range of weather situations and dependable detection accuracy with few false positives. The system, which provides instant notifications and adjustable coverage based on field size, was shown to be successful against common intruders including cattle, deer, and wild boars. It is also appropriate for rural deployment because of its low power consumption and low maintenance requirements. To sum up, the LBSS provides an affordable, expandable, and farmer-friendly way to lessen agricultural losses and monetary suffering brought on by wildlife intrusion. With no technical expertise, this innovation offers a method to incorporate intelligent security systems into conventional agriculture, increasing sustainability and production.