Improvement in Fruit Juice Extraction: A Machine Design Analysis

Abstract

The primary purpose of this study was to analyze and design a motorized juice extractor made from materials that can be sourced locally. The machine consists mainly of two primary sections: the chopping section and the juice extraction section. Additional elements include feed hoppers, a cover on top, a helical screw to move materials situated within an enclosure in the shape of a cylinder, mesh, a receiver unit for the juice, an outlet for waste, a transmission belt, the main structure along with pulleys and bearings. In operation, fruits placed in the chopping section through the initial hopper are diced and then transferred into the extraction section using a second hopper. The auger works to convey, crush, press, and extract juice from the fruits. The juice then passes through the separator into the receiver, and the leftover pulp is expelled via the waste discharge. Testing with fresh pineapple, ginger, and orange demonstrated that the average juice yields were 74% for pineapple, 72% for orange, and 34% for ginger, with extraction efficiencies of 84% for pineapple, 80% for orange, and 71% for ginger. The losses in juice extraction were recorded at 18% for pineapple, 16% for orange, and 9% for ginger, achieved at optimal machine speeds of 335 rpm for both pineapple and orange and 476 rpm for ginger. With a 3hp electric motor, this machine can handle processing rates of 30 litres of oranges per hour, 32 litres of pineapples per hour, and 24 litres of ginger per hour, accompanied by an overall expenditure for the machine at N54,600. Thus, it remains within reach for smallholder farmers.