A Comprehensive Literature Review on Design and Control of a Solar PV and Supercapacitor Assisted Ultra-Fast DC Charging Station with Power Quality Improvement

Abstract

The paper summarizes the state-of-the-art research on high-power electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructures, co-located solar photovoltaic (PV) and hybrid energy storage systems. High-power ultra-fast DC charging stations pose severe thermal and electrical stresses to local distribution networks, leading to peak demand spikes, voltage sags, and harmonic distortions. Modern charging station topologies include local renewable energy sources (mainly solar PV) and dynamic storage systems in an effort to reduce the power quality bottleneck and the dependence on the grid. Conventional Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) provide bulk energy shifting, but their slow response times and limited life cycle make them unsuitable for dealing with the harsh high-frequency current transients associated with ultra-fast charging. This gap is fulfilled by coupling supercapacitors with a hybrid storage configuration to absorb high-power dynamic steps, stabilize the DC-bus voltage and improve the transient responses. This paper presents the state-of-the-art designs, power electronics topologies, advanced control strategies and power quality remediation techniques of Solar PV and SC-assisted ultra-fast DC charging stations.