A Comprehensive Review of Off-Grid Solar PV System Design for Household Energy Supply
Abstract
Off-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have emerged as an effective solution for providing reliable electricity to households located in areas with limited or no access to centralized power networks. This review paper focuses on analyzing the design strategies, system architecture, and performance-related factors associated with residential off-grid PV installations. The work undertaken involves a detailed examination of core system elements, including photovoltaic modules, battery storage units, charge control devices, and power inverters, with emphasis on how their coordinated operation influences overall system functionality. Key design parameters such as solar energy availability, household load characteristics, component sizing methods, and operating conditions are critically evaluated to understand their impact on system efficiency and reliability. The results derived from the reviewed studies indicate that precise load estimation and well-balanced component selection play a decisive role in achieving consistent power supply and long-term system stability. Additionally, the analysis reveals that environmental factors, system losses, and battery operating limits significantly affect energy output and system lifespan. Based on these findings, the review concludes that optimized design practices can enhance technical performance while improving economic feasibility. This paper offers a structured and practical knowledge base that supports informed decision-making for the planning, assessment, and development of residential stand-alone solar PV systems.
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