Design and Implementation of a Fire-Protected Battery Monitoring System for Electric Vehicles

Abstract

The rapid deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs) requires an advanced Battery Management System (BMS) to ensure the security, reliability, and efficiency of high energy density lithium-ion batteries. This article presents a comprehensive BMS architecture that integrates surveillance and fire prevention mechanisms in real time to improve battery safety and performance. The proposed system uses intelligent load monitoring to optimize the battery charging and draining processes. By continuously measuring voltage, electricity and temperature, the system prevents conditions such as thermal outlier overload, faults, and important factors that contribute to battery failure and potential failures. The latest stand (SOC) estimation algorithms and cutting-edge estimation algorithms, as well as machine learning and Kalman filtering filtering, improve the accuracy of battery power prediction, ensuring durability and reliability. To address security concerns, fire prevention systems integrate multi-level thermal management, early detection, and automated emergency response mechanisms. Temperature sensors, gas recognition modules, and infrared (IR) theater imaging provide real-time anomaly detection, while fire extinguishing systems with active cooling technology, fire facilities and emergency shutdown processes minimize the risk of thermal circuit-induced fires. The system also includes wireless connections for remote monitoring. This allows forecast expectations and error diagnosis to further improve operational security. Experimental validation and simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed BMS in preventing hazardous conditions, while simultaneously indicating optimal battery obesity. The results show significant improvements in battery lifecycle management, thermal stability, and overall security of the vehicle. The integration of intelligent surveillance and fire prevention into EV battery systems is extremely important to implement the rise in security and regulatory standards in modern electric vehicles.