Microcontroller-Based Design of Self-Balancing Two-Wheeler Robotic Vehicles Using Gyroscopic Sensor

Abstract

Robots have seamlessly integrated into our daily lives, serving a multitude of functions from lifesaving tasks to providing entertainment, highlighting their indispensable role in modern society.As their popularity continues to soar, an abundance of research initiatives has been taken all over the world. One particularly captivating field of robotics research that has captured widespread attention focuses on unstable systems, exemplified by endeavours like the development of self-balancing electric vehicles, such as the inverted pendulum, stimulating innovation and curiosity on a global scale. Self-balancing electric vehicles are a fascinating innovation in the field of personal transportation. These vehicles utilize advanced technologies such as gyroscopes, accelerometers, and sophisticated control algorithms to maintain balance without the need for a rider to actively stabilize the vehicle. One of the most well-known examples of this technology is the Segway, which popularized the concept of self-balancing transportation. The objective of thiswork is to make a functioning prototype model which is used to learn the principles of control theories behind it. Gyroscopic sensors serve the critical function of detecting any deviation from optimal balance by sensing the tilting movements of the device, ensuring prompt corrective actions to maintain stability. It offers several potential benefits, including increased stability and safety for riders, particularly in urban environments where navigating through crowded streets can be challenging.