Comprehensive Performance and Thermal Analysis of Power Transformers Under Variable Load Conditions
Keywords:
Efficiency, Load conditions, Power factor, Power transformer, Temperature rise, Voltage regulationAbstract
This study aims to investigate the behavior of power transformers under diverse load conditions, including light load, rated load, and overload scenarios. Power transformers serve as vital components in electrical power systems, ensuring the reliable transformation of voltage and uninterrupted power delivery. Because load conditions fluctuate continuously, transformer performance is highly sensitive to these variations, influencing efficiency, voltage regulation, and thermal stability. Experimental measurements, coupled with analytical calculations, were employed to assess key parameters such as efficiency, voltage drop, and temperature rise. The results demonstrate that efficiency reaches its maximum near rated load, whereas it declines under both light and overload conditions. Moreover, temperature rise becomes significantly more pronounced during overload operation, highlighting potential thermal management challenges. These findings offer practical guidance for utilities and engineers, enabling them to optimize transformer operation, minimize energy losses, and enhance the overall reliability of power systems.
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