Investigation and Analysis of Thermoelectric Generators for Waste Heat Recovery in Small-scale Industries

Abstract

The growing global demand for sustainable energy solutions motivates the exploration of technologies that can effectively harness waste heat. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) offer a promising method to directly convert waste heat into usable electrical energy, reducing energy losses and enhancing overall system efficiency. In this study, the development and performance of a low-cost thermoelectric generator prototype utilizing TEC1-12706 modules were investigated. The prototype system integrates an electric heater as the heat source and a fan to maintain an efficient temperature gradient across the thermoelectric modules. The methodology involved designing a compact setup ensuring maximum temperature difference between the hot and cold sides, crucial for maximizing power output through the Seebeck effect. Experimental testing revealed a direct correlation between the temperature gradient and the generated voltage, with a maximum output of 0.93V, sufficient to power a low-power LED. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of low-cost thermoelectric modules in small-scale energy harvesting applications. The conclusions drawn from this study highlight the feasibility of scaling the design for larger waste heat recovery systems and their potential integration into educational and industrial environments for demonstration and practical use.