Optimizing the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Recycled PLA for Industrial Applications

Abstract

Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer used in a variety of industries and applications, including 3D printing, medical applications, packaging, and more, due to its environmental friendliness and ease of fabrication. PLA is a recyclable material, which is an added advantage. However, its recycling process is accompanied by many challenges, the most significant of which is the drop that occurs in its engineering properties, specifically mechanical and thermal, thus effectively influencing its suitability for many industrial applications. In this review, the strategies for optimizing these declined properties were summarized, focusing on the most effective methods to enhance mechanical and thermal properties after recycling. Adding reinforcement, like carbon fibers, glass fibers, nanomaterials or ceramics, and many other additives have been reviewed. Another strategy that has been covered is blending with other polymers such as Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Polybutylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate (PBAT). Another strategy that has been reviewed is to optimize some of the determinants of processing techniques, such as 3D printing parameters, extrusion conditions, and the incorporation of montmorillonite nanoclays. By addressing its limitations, recycled PLA can become a more viable and sustainable alternative for high-performance industrial applications.