AI-based Robotic Technology in the Construction Industry: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The construction industry, long defined by its reliance on manual labor, hazardous working conditions, and gradual uptake of innovations, is experiencing a profound evolution through the fusion of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic technologies. This paradigm shift promises to address longstanding inefficiencies, such as project delays, high accident rates, and environmental waste, by introducing intelligent automation that enhances precision and decision-making. This study delves into the contemporary landscape of AI-based robotic systems in construction, examining their applications, inherent challenges, and potential trajectories for future development. Drawing from interdisciplinary advancements in automation, machine learning algorithms, computer vision for real-time analysis, and sophisticated robotics hardware, the paper synthesizes how these technologies are revolutionizing the sector. Key impacts include boosted productivity through optimized workflows, improved safety via hazard detection and human-robot collaboration, greater sustainability with resource-efficient designs and reduced carbon footprints, and enhanced cost-efficiency by minimizing errors and rework. Specific applications highlighted encompass autonomous heavy machinery for earthmoving and site preparation, robotic arms for precise bricklaying and modular assembly, large-scale 3D printing for rapid building fabrication, and drone-based inspection systems equipped with AI for structural assessments and quality control. However, the adoption of these systems faces multifaceted barriers: technical issues like integration with legacy equipment and data security concerns; economic hurdles, including high initial investments and skill gaps in the workforce; and social factors such as job displacement fears and regulatory uncertainties. By addressing these obstacles, the paper provides a comprehensive framework for understanding AI-driven robotics’ transformative role in construction.