Site Specific Ground Response and Liquefaction Assessment of an Existing Building in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
Keywords:
Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Seismic design response spectra, Soil flexibility, Soil liquefaction assessment, earthquakesAbstract
In recent years, seismic considerations have become a critical component in the design of structures in Malaysia due to increasing awareness of the country's exposure to seismic activities, as demonstrated by several significant earthquake events. Consequently, earthquake engineering design has gained importance in civil and structural engineering. This has led to adopting the Malaysia National Annex to Eurocode 8 (MS EN 1998-1:2015), implemented at the end of 2017, which provides guidelines for earthquake-resistant design in the country. The primary objective of this study is to establish earthquake design response spectra for Kota Kinabalu and assess soil liquefaction susceptibility. Additionally, the study aims to investigate the potential for ground settlement resulting from liquefaction. The methodology for ground response analysis involves several stages:
- Obtaining relevant ground motion data inputs.
- Analyzing the dynamic characteristics of soil boreholes.
- Conducting 1-D shear wave propagation analysis using DEEPSOIL software.
- Developing site-specific design response spectra.
For the liquefaction assessment, the approach includes:
- Acquiring detailed borehole logs.
- Evaluating the likelihood of soil liquefaction.
- Estimating potential ground settlement using the LiquefyPro software.
The expected outcome of the study is a seismic response spectrum for Sabah with peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.16g, based on previous earthquake events in the region, such as the Ranau earthquake, which recorded a PGA of 0.15g. The amplification factor is projected to range between 3 and 5, assuming no significant ground motion at the selected locations. Moreover, the study concludes that the likelihood of substantial liquefaction in Sabah is low, as limited research or evidence indicates high liquefaction susceptibility in the region.
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