Real-time Multi-source Facial Recognition System for Criminal Identification in Diverse Environment

Authors

  • Oluwasogo Adekunle Okunade National Open University of Nigeria
  • Adenrele Abolanle Afolorunso
  • Jane Ada Ukaigwe
  • Adako Kwanashie
  • Abdullateef Ebenmosi Salihu
  • Alexander Oseihiemen Irabor

Keywords:

Criminal identification, Intelligent video surveillance, Law enforcement tools, Public safety technology, Semi-regulated environments, Social media image analysis, Surveillance systems, Unregulated environments

Abstract

Facial recognition technology has emerged as a vital tool for real-time crime detection and prevention, demonstrating remarkable advancements in recent years. Existing algorithms primarily function within regulated environments, limiting their applicability in broader contexts. This study presents a real-time facial recognition algorithm that operates effectively across regulated, semi-regulated, and unregulated environments. A novel module was integrated into the system to receive and process images from social media platforms and institutional data hubs. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, including frequency distributions and percentages, while simulation techniques evaluated the system’s performance in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and precision. Results revealed that the proposed algorithm achieved high levels of efficiency (short processing time) and precision (accurate image detection). The study concluded that the algorithm’s ability to utilize social media and data hub image reservoirs enables efficient and precise tracking of criminal faces across diverse environments. Consequently, the study recommends implementing the algorithm in semi-regulated and unregulated settings while emphasizing the need for professional training of CCTV operators and data analysts, alongside adherence to ethical and legal standards.

References

S. Kanagamalliga, R. Abishek, S. K. Basam Bala, and P. Vinayagam, “Advancements in real-time face recognition algorithms for enhanced smart video surveillance,” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 230, pp. 486–492, 2023. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.12.104

R. A. Nikam, “Automatic face recognition and detection for criminal identification using machine learning,” International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 5599–5603, 2023.doi: https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52959

K. K. Kumar, Y. Kasiviswanadham, D. V. S. N. V. Indira, P. Priyanka Palesetti, and C. V. Bhargavi, “Criminal face identification system using deep learning algorithm multi-task cascade neural network (MTCNN),” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 80, pp. 2406–2410, 2023. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.06.373

K. Yesugade, A. Pongade, S. Karad, D. Ingale, and S. Mahabare, “Face detection and recognition for criminal identification system,” International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Health, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 1950–1957, 2024.

V. Apoorva, “Crime detection system using face recognition,” Indian Journal of Applied Research., vol. 12, no. 9, 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar

M. M. Mukto, M. Hasan, M. M. al Mahmud, I. Haque, M. A. Ahmed, T. Jabid, M. S. Ali, M. R. Ahmmad Rashid, M. Manzurul Islam, and M. Islam, “Design of a real-time crime monitoring system using deep learning techniques,” Intelligent Systems with Applications, vol. 21, 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswa.2023.200311

F. Hassen and M. A. Naser, “A face detection system: A comprehensive survey,” Journal of University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences (JUBPAS), vol. 32, no. 2, 2024. Available: https://doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v32i2.5266

K. Shaikh, “Criminal investigation with the help of face recognition,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1–13, 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.55041/IJSREM28671

F. Boutros, V. Struc, J. Fierrez, and N. Damer, “Synthetic data for face recognition: Current state and future prospects,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.01021, 2023. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/2305.01021

H. O. Shahreza and S. Marcel, “Unveiling synthetic faces: How synthetic datasets can expose real identities,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.24015, 2024. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.24015

M. Venkatesh, C. Dhanalakshmi, A. Adapa, Manzoor, and K. A., “Criminal face detection system,” 2023. doi: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2605399/v2

D. Shendge, “Real-time criminal detection system using deep learning technique,” International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 700–703, 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.64654

K. Sanjar, S. Bang, S. Ryue, and H. Jung, “Real-time object detection and face recognition application for the visually impaired,” Computers, Materials and Continua, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 3569–3583, 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2024.048312

A. A. A. Shukri and L. M. Fadzil, “Evil and fear detection using facial recognition algorithms for crime prevention—A survey,” SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 85–101, 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V11I5P109

P. Sukhija, S. Behal, and P. Singh, “Face recognition system using a genetic algorithm,” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 85, pp. 410–417, 2016. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.05.183

J. F. Ajao, O. A. Okunade, and A. O. Ajao, “Recurrent neural network (RNN) for Igbo handwritten character recognition,” Pac. J. Sci. Technol., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 38–46, 2023. Available: https://www.akamai.university/uploads/1/2/7/7/127725089/pjst24_2_38.pdf

S. Karamizadeh, S. M. Abdullah, A. A. Manaf, M. Zamani, and A. Hooman, “An overview of principal component analysis,” Journal of Signal and Information Processing, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 173–175, 2013. Available: https://doi.org/10.4236/jsip.2013.43b031

S. Halvi, N. Ramapur, K. B. Raja, and S. Prasad, “Fusion-based face recognition system using 1D transform domains,” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 115, pp. 383–390, 2017. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.09.095

T. Nguyen, W. Sheng, and B. Lakshamanan, “A smart security system with face recognition,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1812.09127, 2019. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1812.09127

P. Brey, “Ethical aspects of facial recognition systems in public places,” Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 97–109, May 2004, doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/14779960480000246

B. Joshi, N. Manihar, and A. Shaikh, “Facial recognition technology in public spaces,” VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation, vol. 1, no.7, p. 1–7, 2024, Available: https://www.viva-technology.org/New/IJRI/2024/MCA_23.pdf

L. Moroney, AI and Machine Learning for Coders. 2020.

S. Daniel, H. Al, and M. Hartnett, “Face recognition: From traditional to deep learning methods,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.01021, 2018. doi: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.01021

U. Zafar, M. Ghafoor, T. Zia, G. Ahmed, A. Latif, K. R. Malik, and A. M. Sharif, “Face recognition with Bayesian convolutional networks for robust surveillance systems,” EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing, pp. 1–10, 2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-019-0406-y.

Published

2025-12-04

Issue

Section

Articles