IoT-MCU Integrated Framework for Field Pond Surveillance and Water Resource Optimization

Abstract

The internet of things (IoT) presents transformative opportunities for automating and optimizing agricultural practices, particularly in water resource management. This study proposes an IoT-MCU integrated framework for real-time surveillance and control of field pond parameters, aiming to enhance irrigation efficiency. The system utilizes a Node MCU (ESP8266) microcontroller, interfaced with multiple sensors, including temperature, humidity, soil moisture, voltage, and flow sensors, to monitor critical parameters and forecast water requirements. A PIR sensor or camera module is also integrated to ensure pond security. Data collected from sensors is transmitted wirelessly and made accessible through a web interface and mobile notifications. The control logic enables automatic or manual activation of pumps based on real-time conditions, reducing human intervention. Experimental results demonstrate the system’s ability to accurately track environmental data and control irrigation dynamically. The proposed solution not only minimizes water wastage and operational costs but also improves overall productivity in agriculture. This low-cost, scalable system offers a viable approach for smart farming and water conservation in developing regions.