Controller-based Design and Real-time Implementation of a Solar Tracking Unit
Keywords:
Arduino Uno microcontroller, Automatic solar tracking, Efficient energy harvesting, LDR-based illumination sensing, Li-ion battery storage, MPPT-based charge regulation, Photovoltaic panel, Servo-driven positioningAbstract
The efficiency of Photovoltaic (PV) installations can be significantly improved by ensuring that solar panels are consistently oriented to receive the maximum sunlight throughout the day. To achieve this, a single-axis automated solar tracking system has been developed, which dynamically adjusts the panel’s angle based on real-time light intensity variations. The system utilizes Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors to detect the direction of the strongest illumination. A servo motor, controlled by sensor feedback, repositions the solar panel to follow the sun’s movement from sunrise to sunset. This continuous alignment enhances solar energy capture and results in higher power generation compared to traditional fixed-mount panels. To further optimize energy conversion, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller is integrated into the system. It ensures efficient power transfer, minimizes energy losses, and maintains optimal charging of a connected lithium-ion battery. The entire operation is managed by an Arduino Uno microcontroller, which processes sensor data, controls motor movement, and coordinates energy optimization tasks with high responsiveness and precision. The proposed solar tracking setup offers improved energy yield, reliable battery storage, and robust performance under varying environmental conditions. Its compact, low-power design makes it ideal for portable solar charging stations, standalone renewable energy units, and smart power applications in remote or mobile settings. This system exemplifies intelligent energy harvesting for sustainable technology solutions.
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