Journal of Pharmacopoeia and Research

Formulation and Evaluation of Evening Primrose Oil 500 Mg Soft Gelatin Capsules

Hemlata — 2026-04-29

Evening primrose oil (EPO), extracted from the seeds of Oenothera biennis, is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially Linoleic Acid (LA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). These fatty acids help produce anti-inflammatory compounds in the body. EPO is commonly used for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, premenstrual syndrome, and various skin disorders. However, EPO is very sensitive to oxidation. This can lessen its effectiveness and lead to unstable byproducts that affect safety and taste. Formulating EPO poses challenges. To address this, the study focuses on creating 500 mg EPO soft gelatin capsules. These capsules protect the oil from air and light, maintaining its stability. The research includes formulation development, selecting suitable excipients like antioxidants, and optimizing ingredient combinations for consistent performance. It emphasizes the rotary-die encapsulation process, covering ribbon formation, fill weight control, seam quality, and drying behavior. A QbD framework was used to maintain consistent product quality by connecting critical material attributes (CMAs), critical process parameters (CPPs), and CQAs. The CQAs evaluated included GLA content, peroxide value, moisture content, disintegration time, leakage resistance, and shell strength. Stability testing was done according to ICH Q1A(R2) guidelines under various conditions, including high temperatures and humidity, as well as long-term storage. Results indicated that the formulation remained stable for up to 24 months. To further protect the product, packaging options like blister packs and nitrogen-filled containers were recommended.

Pharmaceutical Co-crystals: A Tool to Enhance Drug Solubility and Bioavailability

Gayathri Molleti — 2026-03-25

Poor solubility of drugs remains a significant challenge in pharmaceutical development, leading to reduced bioavailability and compromised therapeutic efficacy. Pharmaceutical co-crystals have become a viable means of getting around these solubility restrictions and improving the bioavailability of medications that aren't very soluble. Co-crystals are multi-component crystalline structures made up of one or more coformers and an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) that are bound together by non-covalent bonds. Without changing the API's structure chemically, these interactions produce a distinct crystal lattice that modifies its physical characteristics. The review highlights the principles behind cocrystal formation, including the selection of suitable coformers based on hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and other intermolecular forces. Rational cocrystal design and screening techniques are discussed, emphasizing the applications of pharmaceutical co-crystals as a strategy for enhancing the bioavailability and solubility of drugs that are poorly soluble. Furthermore, the review explores various methods for cocrystal preparation and characterization techniques used to confirm cocrystal formation and assess the purity, stability, and performance of the Co-crystals. In conclusion, the potential of co-crystals as an innovative and versatile tool to enhance drug solubility and bioavailability, ultimately advancing the field of pharmaceutical sciences and improving patient treatment options.

A Contemporary Review on the Role of Nutraceuticals and Herbal Medicines in the Management of Hyperlipidemia

Siratul Nisha — 2026-05-05

Hyperlipidemia is a common metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and it represents a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and stroke. Statins, fibrates, and bile acid sequestrants are examples of conventional lipid-lowering medications that are effective in lowering lipid levels; however, long-term usage of these medications may be related to side effects, drug intolerance, and patient non-compliance. Nutraceuticals and herbal remedies have received more scientific interest in recent years as additional or alternative methods for managing and preventing hyperlipidemia. Improved lipid metabolism is facilitated by the hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory qualities of a variety of bioactive substances obtained from food and medicinal plants. Nutraceuticals such as omega-3 fatty acids, plant sterols, soluble dietary fibers, and red yeast rice have been widely reported to reduce serum lipid levels. Similarly, in both experimental and clinical research, medicinal herbs such as garlic (Allium sativum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), green tea (Camellia sinensis), and berberine-containing species have shown the therapeutic potential of nutraceuticals and herbal medicines in the management of hyperlipidemia and their possible role in improving cardiovascular health.

In-Vitro Anticancer Activity of Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaves and Tabernaemontana Divaricata (Pinwheel Flower)

Elavarasi. E — 2026-04-01

Cancer is a major disease in humans and animals. It can be treated by several ways in modern technology. Some medicinal plants and herbal extracts mainly act on anticancer activity Camellia sinensis (tea leaves) and Tabernaemontana divaricata (pinwheel flower) both the plants mainly act on anticancer activity with proven cytotoxic properties. Tea leaves contain mainly polyphenols, such as catechins, while pinwheel flower contains mainly alkaloids. Both of the plant’s extracts collected and performed with preliminary phytochemical screening and it will be analysis by qualitative and quantitative methods with some instrumentation like ultra-visible spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography mass-spectrometry. This extraction widely contain antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. These extracts are currently used in pharmaceutical research and development. This study may help to identify phytochemical and evaluation of in-vitro cytotoxicity and drug discovery in future herbal anticancer formulations. This combination mainly increases the anticancer activity and very safe, cost effective, less toxicity for anticancer activity.