An Extensive Analysis of Artificial Intelligence in Drug Development and Discovery: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The development of new pharmaceuticals typically requires significant time and financial investment, often exceeding a decade and costing billions of dollars. Researchers must evaluate millions of compounds to discover a single effective drug. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming this landscape by serving as a powerful digital assistant that accelerates processes, lowers costs, and enhances accuracy. AI employs advanced computer algorithms to analyse extensive datasets that would take humans a lifetime to process. It aids in multiple aspects, including identifying appropriate biological targets for diseases, designing novel chemical compounds from the ground up, and predicting the safety or toxicity of potential drugs before human testing. Additionally, it can uncover new applications for existing medications. Despite its potential, AI faces certain challenges, high-quality data is essential for effective learning, and it can be challenging for researchers to comprehend the rationale behind AI's conclusions. Nevertheless, by merging the rapid capabilities of technology with the expertise of human researchers, AI is facilitating the development of life-saving treatments more efficiently, bringing us closer to an era of personalised medicine for all.