International Journal of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Public Health

Recent Developments in Nanotechnology for Modern Healthcare

Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Nanotechnology has emerged as a revolutionary platform in the healthcare sector, offering novel solutions for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of various diseases. This review outlines the fundamental principles, history, classifications, and applications of nanotechnology in medicine. Key developments include the use of nanoparticles, nanobots, nanowires, and quantum dots for targeted drug delivery, enhanced diagnostics, and tissue engineering. The integration of nanotechnology in areas such as oncology, cardiology, neurology, infectious diseases, and orthopedics demonstrates its vast potential to improve therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. Despite the promising advancements, challenges such as nanotoxicity, high production costs, regulatory barriers, and long-term safety concerns remain. Future prospects focus on personalized nanomedicine, real-time biosensing, and smart delivery systems, positioning nanotechnology as a cornerstone of next-generation healthcare solutions.

Diagnostic Legitimacy and Colonial Medical Hegemony: Traditional Healing Practices in Sukuma Land, Tanzania, 1920s–1961

Mikidadi Hamisi Alawi — Fri, 06 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The traditional healing practices of the Sukuma people in Tanzania are truly fascinating. Their healing practices were studied during the period when the British were in charge, from approximately the 1920s to 1961. This paper looked at what people said in interviews in Misungwi District, Mwanza, and at old records from the colonial time. This helped the author see how traditional healers of the Sukuma people of Tanzania figure out what is wrong with people in a way that makes sense and works. The British doctors back then did not pay much attention to the traditional healers of the Sukuma people of Tanzania and their ways of doing things. They did not think the traditional healing practices of the Sukuma people of Tanzania were as good as their medical practices. The Western medical system is really popular. The Sukuma healers think their way of diagnosing people is just as good. They can figure out what is wrong with someone even if someone cannot see it. The Sukuma healers are similar to doctors who use special tools to find tiny germs that make people sick. This paper looks at why the Western medical system and the traditional healing methods of the Sukuma people do not match. It shows how the people in charge of the medical system tried to make the traditional healing methods seem weak, but the Sukuma people kept using them anyway because they worked well for their community. The Sukuma healers and the Western medical system have different ideas about how to make people healthy, and this paper tries to understand these differences. The Sukuma healers and their traditional healing methods are still important today. The paper also helps tothink about how countries were run with kinds of medicine. It shows that the ways of thinking and knowing that people had before the colonizers came can still be strong when there are other powerful medical ideas around. The paper is really about administration and medical pluralism and how indigenous epistemologies can withstand dominant medical paradigms.

The Younis Integrated Anemia Differentiation Index (YIADI): A CBC-Based Model for Physiologic Classification of Anemia

Mahmoud Younis — Wed, 11 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Distinguishing anemia etiologies remains diagnostically challenging. While serum ferritin, vitamin B12, and folate represent established standards, inflammatory conditions, limited accessibility, and delayed testing constrain their utility. A CBC-based screening tool could enhance preliminary classification and guide targeted biochemical investigation. Objective: To develop and validate the Younis Integrated Anemia Differentiation Index (YIADI), a novel composite metric derived exclusively from routine CBC parameters for initial anemia classification. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 140 adult anemic patients. YIADI was calculated as (RDW × Platelets) / (Hemoglobin × MCV × RBC). Anemia subtypes were classified biochemically: iron deficiency (ferritin <30 ng/mL, n=55), chronic disease (ferritin ≥50 ng/mL, n=35), mixed anemia (concurrent abnormalities, n=30), and thalassemia trait (normal ferritin with microcytosis and elevated RBC, n=20). Predefined thresholds: >2.0 (iron deficiency), 0.8–2.0 (mixed), 0.3–0.8 (chronic disease), <0.3 (thalassemia). Performance was assessed via sensitivity, specificity, and ROC analysis. Results: YIADI demonstrated distinct distributions, iron deficiency (5.6±3.1), mixed anemia (1.4±0.3), chronic disease (0.6±0.1), thalassemia trait (0.24±0.06). Sensitivity ranged 86–95%; specificity 84–92%. Thalassemia trait achieved the highest performance (sensitivity 95%, specificity 92%), followed by iron deficiency (sensitivity 93%, specificity 90%). Overall accuracy (90%) exceeded the Mentzer index (74%), RDW alone (68%), and MCV alone (62%). ROC analysis yielded AUC values: thalassemia 0.96 (95% CI: 0.91–0.99), iron deficiency 0.94 (0.89–0.98), and chronic disease versus iron deficiency 0.92. Conclusion: YIADI is a physiologically grounded, CBC-based tool enabling reliable initial anemia stratification with superior diagnostic accuracy. While not replacing biochemical testing, it optimizes diagnostic pathways, particularly in resource-limited or high-volume settings.