Evidence-Based Infection Control Practices in Critical Care Units: A Systematic Review of Nursing Interventions

Abstract

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a major concern in critical care units (CCUs), where invasive procedures, prolonged hospitalization, and compromised immunity increase infection risk. These infections contribute to higher morbidity, mortality, healthcare costs, and antimicrobial resistance. Nurses play a crucial role in infection prevention due to their continuous patient care responsibilities, yet adherence to established guidelines remains inconsistent.

Methods: This study was conducted as a systematic review to synthesize evidence on infection control practices in critical care units, with a specific focus on nursing-led interventions. Relevant literature, including WHO and CDC guidelines and peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025, was systematically analyzed based on predefined inclusion criteria.

Results: Key infection control strategies identified include effective hand hygiene, appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE), adherence to aseptic techniques, environmental cleaning, and infection surveillance. Hand hygiene was consistently reported as the most effective intervention. Nurse-led education, standardized protocols, and institutional support were found to significantly improve compliance and reduce infection rates.

Conclusion: Evidence-based nursing practices are essential for reducing HAIs in CCUs. Strengthening education, ensuring the availability of resources, and promoting institutional support can enhance infection prevention outcomes. Integrating structured protocols into routine care and improving compliance mechanisms are critical for improving patient safety and healthcare quality.