Comprehensive Management of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Nursing Perspective

Abstract

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration resulting from the absence of dystrophin, primarily affecting male children and leading to loss of ambulation, respiratory failure, cardiomyopathy, and reduced life expectancy. The complex and multisystem nature of the disease necessitates a comprehensive and coordinated approach to management. This review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of DMD with a particular emphasis on multidisciplinary management and the integral role of nursing care. A narrative review methodology was adopted, synthesizing evidence from clinical guidelines, standard textbooks, and recent advancements in therapeutic interventions. Current management strategies include corticosteroid therapy, respiratory support, cardiac care, rehabilitation, and emerging genetic therapies such as exon-skipping and gene therapy, which offer promising avenues for disease modification. Despite these advancements, treatment remains largely supportive, with a strong focus on symptom management and prevention of complications. Nursing care plays a pivotal role in continuous assessment, early detection of complications, coordination of multidisciplinary services, patient and caregiver education, and provision of psychosocial support. Holistic nursing interventions significantly contribute to improving functional outcomes and enhancing quality of life. Although a definitive cure remains unavailable, ongoing advancements in genetic therapies and integrated care models hold potential for transforming disease outcomes. Strengthening nursing involvement and adopting a patient-centered, multidisciplinary approach are essential for optimizing long-term care and improving the overall well-being of individuals with DMD.