International Journal of Immunology and Nursing Dynamics

Effectiveness of an Informational Booklet on Knowledge Regarding Risk Factors and Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus Among Sedentary Workers in Selected Customer Care Centers of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh: A Pre-Experimental Study

Shailendra Singh Rajpoot — 2026-07-13

Background: One of the most common non-communicable diseases in the world today is diabetes mellitus, and one of the main risk factors that can be changed is a sedentary lifestyle. Long periods of sitting are common among customer service representatives, which puts them at risk for obesity, insulin resistance, and eventually type 2 diabetes mellitus. Increasing knowledge of risk factors and preventive interventions is still a good way to lower the burden of disease.

Goals: To evaluate the efficacy of a pamphlet on diabetes mellitus risk factors and prevention among sedentary employees working in particular customer service facilities in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.

Methods: A one-group pre-test and post-test quantitative pre-experimental research design was used. Non-probability convenience sampling was used to choose sixty sedentary workers. An information pamphlet was distributed after a validated structured questionnaire was used to measure baseline knowledge. The same instrument was used for a post-test assessment following the intervention. The data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: Participants' understanding of diabetes mellitus improved statistically significantly as a result of the intervention. The usefulness of the instructional booklet was demonstrated by the significantly higher post-test mean knowledge scores compared to pre-test scores. Additionally, significant correlations between baseline knowledge levels and specific demographic characteristics were found.

In conclusion, the information booklet worked well as an educational intervention to increase sedentary workers' understanding of diabetes mellitus risk factors and preventative strategies. Frequent workplace-based health education initiatives may help employees with sedentary jobs lead better lifestyles and lessen the burden of diabetes in the future.

Empirical Assessment of Knowledge on Injection Safety Among Nursing Students in Tertiary Health Institutions: Implications for Infection Prevention and Patient Safety

Chukwuma, Mary K — 2026-06-23

Injections are the most common healthcare procedure worldwide, yet unsafe practices pose significant risks to both patients and healthcare providers. Grounded in Pender’s Health Promotion Model, this study empirically assessed the knowledge of injection safety among nursing students. The aim was to determine the level of knowledge and its implications for infection prevention and patient safety. A descriptive survey design was employed. A convenience sample of 160 intermediate and senior nursing students (56.25% in Year 2; 43.75% in Year 3) from the College of Nursing Sciences, Bishop Shanahan Specialist Hospital, Nsukka, Nigeria, participated. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency tables, percentages, and graphical representations. The results revealed that all respondents (100%) had heard of injection safety, 68.75% correctly defined injection safety according to holistic WHO standards protecting the recipient, provider, and community, and 87.5% understood the risks of blood-borne virus transmission, specifically HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. This demonstrates good overall knowledge levels. Applications include strengthening clinical education curricula, implementing high-fidelity simulation-based training programs, conducting sharps management audits, and reinforcing the link between theoretical knowledge and practical bedside application to enhance infection prevention and patient safety outcomes.

Knowledge and Preventive Practices on Dengue Fever among Adults in Urban and Rural Areas of Tumkur

Prakash Umalu Rathod — 2026-07-16

Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DF/DHF) remain pressing public health challenges, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. With nearly half of the world’s population at risk, the disease burden is especially severe in South‑East Asia, including India, where outbreaks have become frequent in both urban and rural areas. Despite the rising incidence and mortality, there is no vaccine or specific treatment, making prevention through vector control and community awareness essential. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and practices regarding dengue fever and its prevention among adults in selected urban and rural areas of Tumkur district. Using Rosenstock’s Health Belief Model as the conceptual framework, the research focused on individual perceptions, modifying factors, and likelihood of preventive actions. Objectives included evaluating knowledge levels, identifying preventive practices, comparing rural and urban differences, and exploring associations with socio‑demographic variables. Findings are intended to guide the development of an instruction module tailored to community needs, thereby enhancing awareness and promoting effective preventive behaviors. The study underscores the importance of integrating health education with vector control strategies to reduce dengue transmission and highlights the role of nurses and health professionals in empowering communities to combat this emerging viral disease.

The 6Cs of Nursing Care: Challenges in Nigeria

Ifediorah Stanley Ifeanyi — 2026-07-02

The 6Cs of nursing care: Care, Compassion, Competence, Communication, Courage and Commitment are the core professional values that guide nursing practice and patient-centered health care globally. These concepts are necessary to deliver quality health care, improve patient outcomes, and uphold ethical standards in the nursing profession. However, in Nigeria, the realisation of these principles is hindered by a number of institutional, economic and professional problems. This analysis highlights the significance of the 6Cs in the Nigerian healthcare system and elaborates on the significant hurdles facing nursing practice. Key issues include insufficient funding for health care, shortage of health workers, low pay, migration of competent nurses, burn-out, lack of professional development opportunities and deficient health infrastructure. These issues adversely impact nurses’ ability to provide patient-centered, competent, and compassionate care. Nigerian nurses continue to display resilience, professionalism and commitment to the well-being of their patients despite these challenges. Enhancing healthcare policies, workforce development, better remuneration and investment in healthcare infrastructure to address these difficulties is crucial to strengthen nurse practice and improve healthcare outcomes. The successful integration of the 6Cs continues to be key to sustainable improvements in the delivery of healthcare in Nigeria.