Unpacking the Role of Socio-cultural Factors and Workplace Violence in Healthcare Job Satisfaction: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Healthcare workers in conflict affected regions navigate complex socio cultural challenges that influence their job satisfaction and exposure to workplace violence. This systematic review synthesizes empirical findings on how socio cultural norms shape workplace violence and job satisfaction in healthcare environments, with a focus on implications for nursing management. Guided by the SPAR 4 SLR protocol, searches were conducted in Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Sci Hub (2013 2023), yielding 60 peer reviewed empirical studies. A dual framework approach using ADO (Antecedents Decisions Outcomes) and TCM (Theory Context Methodology) structured the review. Findings show that socio cultural norms, including gender roles, hierarchical structures, and community beliefs, often normalize workplace violence and adversely impact nurse job satisfaction. Theoretical models such as Job Demands Resources, Social Exchange Theory, and Conservation of Resources illuminate these relationships. This review underscores the need for nurse managers to develop culturally tailored violence prevention strategies and supportive organizational climates. Future research should address under theorized socio cultural variables and include longitudinal and qualitative studies for deeper insights.