Green Blockchain and IoT for Safer Smarter Hazmat Supply Chains

Abstract

The rapid evolution of global supply chains, particularly for hazardous materials, necessitates innovative approaches to enhance safety, security, and efficiency. Traditional supply chain management systems face challenges in ensuring data integrity, traceability, and security. This study proposes a novel integration of green blockchain technology and internet of things (IoT) solutions to create a secure, transparent, and energy-efficient supply chain for hazardous materials. The proposed framework aims to minimize energy consumption, enhance data security, and reduce carbon emissions by leveraging blockchain’s decentralized ledger system and IoT’s real-time monitoring capabilities. The study introduces two mathematical models for optimizing energy usage in blockchain transactions while maintaining high security and traceability. A prototype implementation using an IoT-based hazardous material supply chain simulation demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed framework. Results show improved security, traceability, and a significant reduction in CO₂ emissions, contributing to the sustainability of blockchain transactions in hazardous material management.