The Evolution of Green Architecture Concept in Hot, Arid Urban Environments: An Analytical Review of Studies in the Arab Region between 2020-2025

Wurood Adeeb Khamees, Susan Abed Hassan — Mon, 16 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research will dwell on the development of the concept concerning green architecture in a dry and hot urban setting, besides highlighting developments which took place between 2020 and 2025. The study indicates the change from meeting basic energy needs to sustainable design solutions that entail harnessing renewable energy resources and utilizing eco-friendly materials and architectures that respond to extreme seasonal changes in the climate. It also examines Arab studies and concentrates on the particular conditions of arid and hot climates, namely those of Iraq and Gulf countries. This involves economic limitations and loopholes in the laws. The current study picks key knowledge gaps and trends, especially in smart tech and circular economic concepts. The findings and recommendations of this study will focus on conducting research that suits the hot and dry climates and will look to develop effective policies and approaches that ensure the effective and sustainable development of cities in hot and dry climates. This study will specifically focus on doing a systematic review of the analysis and assessment of scientific literature that has focused on the development of green concepts in the architecture of arid and hot urban climates. This will be done by using various databases to obtain the information needed. This study will focus on the years from 2020 to 2025 and will look at the past 25 years, as this is the latest time period that has included effective and innovative developments. This current study will focus on the Middle East, Africa, and Southwest Asia, as this geographical area specifically covers the hot and dry climates. This current study will be the introduction to a series of studies that will be released in succession. The next studies will look at the application of green architecture in educational and residential settings, as well as the effect it may have on users.

From Images to Archives: The Origins of Record-keeping and the Development of Writing Systems in Mesopotamia and Egypt

Nasrin Akhter, Sazzadur Rasheed, Mian Md Jawad Ibne Iqbal — Sat, 07 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Record-keeping represents one of the foundational technologies of human civilization, enabling societies to stabilize memory, administer resources, and transmit knowledge across generations. This study examines the long historical evolution of documentation from prehistoric symbolic marking to formal writing systems and early knowledge institutions in Mesopotamia and Egypt. Using a qualitative, comparative, and historiographical approach grounded in archaeology, ancient history, and archival theory, the study argues that record-keeping developed through interconnected stages: proto-documentation, administrative accounting, formal script, and institutional preservation. Prehistoric visual culture demonstrates an early impulse to externalize meaning materially, while the administrative demands of complex agricultural societies accelerated the emergence of writing. Mesopotamian and Egyptian documentary systems reveal both shared structural pressures and culturally specific adaptations shaped by media, environment, and political ideology. The formation of early libraries such as the Royal Library of Ashurbanipal and the Library of Alexandria marks a decisive shift from record production to organized knowledge stewardship. By situating modern archives and libraries within a deep historical continuum, the study highlights documentation as an infrastructure of social continuity and collective memory. The findings suggest that writing did not merely record civilization—it enabled civilization to endure.

Journal of Recent Activities in Architectural Sciences

The Evolution of Green Architecture Concept in Hot, Arid Urban Environments: An Analytical Review of Studies in the Arab Region between 2020-2025

From Images to Archives: The Origins of Record-keeping and the Development of Writing Systems in Mesopotamia and Egypt