Journal of Geotechnical Studies

A Comprehensive Review of Slope Stability Analysis and Stabilization Methods

Mukesh Deshmukh — 2024-01-16

Assessing slope stability before initiating an engineering project is fundamental for risk
management, ensuring structural integrity, complying with regulations, and fostering sustainable
development. It forms the bedrock of a safe and sustainable construction process, offering both
short-term safety and long-term resilience. This comprehensive review paper delves into the
intricate domain of slope stability analysis and stabilization methods. Focused on the pivotal field
of geotechnical engineering, it navigates through the multifaceted techniques employed to assess
and fortify the stability of natural and man-made slopes. The paper meticulously explores various
analysis methods, including traditional limit equilibrium techniques like Bishop's and Janbu's
methods, alongside advanced numerical approaches like Finite Element and Finite Difference
Methods. Probability and reliability methodologies are also scrutinized, emphasizing their
significance in estimating potential failure probabilities amid uncertainties. In tandem, the review
elucidates an array of stabilization strategies. From geotechnical solutions encompassing slope
grading, reinforcement techniques, and drainage systems to structural interventions such as
retaining walls, soil nailing, and anchoring, the paper encapsulates diverse methodologies.
Moreover, it encompasses chemical stabilization and emphasizes the pivotal role of monitoring,
maintenance, and technological advancements in ensuring slope stability. By consolidating these
methodologies and advancements, this review paper not only presents a comprehensive
understanding of slope stability analysis but also sheds light on the evolving landscape of
stabilization methods, striving towards enhanced safety and sustainability in engineering
practices.

Assessment of Geotechnical Properties of Fine-Grained Soil Using AI Techniques

Abhinav Saxena — 2024-04-29

The variables determining the engineering qualities of fine-grained soils include the consistency
limits, which are classified as primary features, and the water content, density, and soil structure,
which are classified as secondary properties. The specific surface area (SSA), clay percentage of
clays, and Liquidity Index (LI) were found to be sporadically correlated with the plasticity ratio of
clays (Rp), which is defined as the ratio of plastic limit to liquid limit. This study examines over a
thousand data points from scientific studies and literature. Rp was also used to understand the
Casagrande plasticity chart. While there is a less noticeable association with the clay proportion,
Rp drops as "modified" SSA increases. The LI and Rp have a range of 0.2 to 0.8. According to the
results, the physical characteristics of clays are consequently quite changeable, and it isn't easy to
establish a unique relationship between the properties. This study aims to provide a broad
overview of the interrelationships between clays' technical features.

Stability Modeling of Sand-Gravel Fill Zoned Embankment

Jaja Godfrey Waribo Tom — 2024-02-27

When an embankment is built above the natural ground and compacted, depending on the fill
materials employed, it acts as a base for roadways and railway lines. This study sought to
determine the effectiveness of sand and gravel as fill materials in the building of zoned
embankments. To do this, slope stability analysis was performed using GeoStudio's finite element
programme Slope/W and the Morgenstern Price slice technique. Computations and analysis show
that for a zoned embankment of sand and gravel-all in, sand and 19.0mm gravel, sand and 13.20
mm gravel, sand and 9.50 mm gravel and sand and 6.70mm gravel gave factors of safety of 1.068,
1.12, 1.13, 1.1 and 1.17 at slope failures of 54.46, 57.99, 48.58, 53.13 and 48.58 respectively. In
its analysis considering steady seepage, an embankment zoned with sand and gravel fills will
prove safe as far as an angle of 12.99 degrees which gives a factor of safety of 1.649 for each
gravel size zoned with sand. Hence this research has not just proven how effective sand and gravel
fill material can be in the construction of zoned embankment, but to what extent they can slope
before failure occurs using different particle sizes of gravel with sand as fill.

Early Hydration and Strength Development Properties Analysis of Green Geopolymer Binder under Different Curing and Temperature Conditions

Mominul Islam — 2024-04-30

Ordinary Portland cement is the most popular binding material for any construction work.
Geopolymer is emerging as a new alternative binding material. GPC has a variety of benefits,
including enhanced strength and durability characteristics. The GPC's high early-age strength
and ambient curing contribute to a shorter building period. Examples of such factors are alkaliactivated
solutions, binder materials, and curing techniques. Control the strength attributes of
GPC. Additionally, the addition of industrial wastes like fly ash and ground Granulated Blast-
Furnace Slag (GGBS) to GPC has benefits like lower carbon dioxide emissions, the capacity to
reuse waste materials, preventing the conversion of precious areas into dump yards, lower costs,
and so on. Additionally, less energy is needed to retrieve raw minerals from the ground.
This paper comprehensively reviews GPC's early hydration and strength development properties,
mix design procedure, and structural performance. In addition, it illustrates how high-strength
GPC was developed using fly ash and metakaolin as an alkaline solution under typical curing
conditions and temperatures. Trial and error techniques are suggested for developing GPC from
various binder ingredients. For fly ash-based GPC, Rangan's mix design process is employed.
Additionally, it was discovered that adding fibres enhances the malleable quality of GPC. Future
GPC-related research ideas and directions are also included.

The Impacts of Non-Ferrous Metal Mining Operations: Pollution, Sustainable and Geopolitical Dimensions

Chrysanthus Chukwuma Sr — 2024-03-27

The sustainable issues in the mining industry encompass anthropogenic and natural activities during mine exploration, construction, and maintenance which may culminate in land-use change, with resultant deforestation, erosion, contamination, pollution and modifications of soil profiles of local, regional and global atmospheric, aquatic and terrestrial health and environments, as well as elevated noise level and pollution. The sustainability of non-ferrous metal consumption can be enhanced to diminish or extinguish the environmental impact of extraction by decreasing non-ferrous metal usage through more effective and efficient application, and offsetting increased demand via recycling and reuse to improve the overall sustainability of non-ferrous metal consumption. Locally, regionally and globally the mining industry tends to improve the environmental, economic and social performance of its activities. The effects of the mining industry on the environment in conceptual sustainability and human behaviour depict several negative impacts of mining activities. Certain instances include climate change, deforestation or habitat destruction, human-wildlife conflict, as well as the extinction of biodiversity. Prime or pivotal environmental, economic and social issues and priorities must be identified via quantitative and qualitative sources. Geopolitically, non-ferrous metal, production and productivity supplies are geographically disseminated, wherein corporations having large market shares in pivotal segments or chains of non-ferrous metals dominate mining operations.