Study of Self-healing Concrete: A Review

Abstract

The increasing problem of electronic waste (e-waste) and the escalating cost of conventional construction materials have prompted research into sustainable alternatives for concrete production. This review examines the dual approach of incorporating e-waste, particularly acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastics, as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete, alongside the integration of bacterial self-healing agents such as Sporosarcina pasteurii with calcium sources to enhance durability and lifespan. Findings suggest that replacing up to 15% of coarse aggregate with e-waste improves mechanical properties and reduces construction costs. Similarly, incorporating bacterial agents at optimized concentrations significantly increases both compressive and tensile strengths, contributing to crack healing capabilities. Combined application of e-waste, bacteria, and calcium lactate shows synergistic improvements, promoting eco-friendly, economically viable, and high-performance concrete.