https://matjournals.net/engineering/index.php/JoAME <p><strong>JoAME</strong> is a peer reviewed Journal in the discipline of Engineering published by the MAT Journals Pvt. Ltd. The Journal provides a platform to Researchers, Academicians, Scholars, Professionals and students in the Domain of Mechanical Engineering to promulgate their Research/Review/Case studies in the field of Material Engineering. The Journal aims to promote high quality empirical Research, Review articles, case studies and short communications mainly focused on Biomaterials, Forensic Engineering, Pyrotechnic Compositions, Combustion of Energetic Materials, Powder Metallurgy, Macrostructure, Crystallography, Bonding of Material, Synthesis and Processing, Thermodynamics and Kinetics.</p> en-US Journal of Advancements in Material Engineering https://matjournals.net/engineering/index.php/JoAME/article/view/3140 <p><em>Graphene’s exceptional electrical, mechanical, thermal and optoelectronic properties make it a leading candidate for enabling next-generation smart textiles and wearable communication platforms tailored to defence and tactical applications. This study presents a comprehensive review of graphene-enabled smart fabrics with particular emphasis on fabrication methods, printed/laminated wearable antennas, integrated energy harvesting and storage, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) mitigation relevant to battlefield use. Recent advances in scalable graphene inks and screen-printing methods, as well as hybrid grapheme metal composites that improve conductivity, are summarized and compared. Progress in graphene-based wearable antennas and textile integration demonstrates promising performance in body-centric communications, while graphene-based EMI shielding and functionalized graphene fiber offer routes for enhanced survivability against electronic warfare and harsh environmental conditions. Key technical challenges, such as conductivity at high frequencies, durability under repeated washing and abrasion, large-scale manufacturability, and standards for defence-grade testing, are critically examined. Finally, identify research gaps and propose a roadmap for transitioning graphene smart fabrics from laboratory prototypes to field-deployable defence systems, including integration with 5G/6G, LiFi, and AI-driven internet of battlefield things (IoBT) architectures.</em></p> M. Abdullah Khan Hasibul Hasan Shanto Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Advancements in Material Engineering 2026-02-24 2026-02-24 16 26 https://matjournals.net/engineering/index.php/JoAME/article/view/2943 <p><em>Multiferroic Bismuth Ferrite (BFO), characterized by a direct optical bandgap in the range of 2.2 to 2.7 eV, has emerged as a favorable material for next-generation Photovoltaic (PV) and optoelectronic applications. However, obtaining phase-pure BFO nanoparticles remains a substantial challenge because of the volatility of bismuth and the narrow thermodynamic stability window of the perovskite phase. In the present study, high-purity multiferroic BiFeO₃ nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via an energy-efficient, low-temperature sol–gel route employing two distinct approaches: General Sol-gel and Tuned Sol-gel synthesis. The precursor sol was carefully adjusted to a pH of 1–2 using NH₄OH, while ethylene glycol was applied as a chelating and polymerizing agent to ensure homogeneous complexation of Fe³⁺ and Bi³⁺ ions. Following gel formation, the dried intermediates were annealed at 600°C to achieve phase crystallization. A comprehensive investigation was conducted to evaluate how these synthesis pathways influence crystal purity, structural characteristics, and multiferroic behavior. UV–VIS–NIR spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of a direct optical bandgap, consistent with intrinsic BFO. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) results verified that all the samples were structured in a single-phase rhombohedral perovskite (space group R3c), while refinement of diffraction patterns provided detailed insight into crystallite size, microstrain, and structural order. The morphology, elemental distribution, and particle-size evolution were further observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy furnished with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, confirming uniform particle formation and compositional accuracy. Comparative analysis of the two sol–gel techniques revealed that the Tuned Sol-gel method yielded BFO nanoparticles of superior phase purity and structural integrity, with fewer secondary phases than those produced by the General Sol-gel method. Overall, this study demonstrates that Tuned Sol-gel processing offers a more reliable pathway for fabricating high-quality BFO nanoparticles suitable for photovoltaic and multifunctional device applications. </em></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> Md. Meganur Rhaman Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Advancements in Material Engineering 2026-01-02 2026-01-02 1 15