Journal of Economic Studies and Financial Research (e-ISSN: 2584-1629)

Farmer Satisfaction with Government Incentives and Economic Viability of Paddy Cultivation: A Panchayat Level Study

P. Anagha, N. Sindhu, N. Karunakaran — Wed, 21 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Kerala, which was well known for paddy cultivation in the past, is presently facing a severe mismatch between demand and supply. There is a drastic decline in paddy fields due to the conversion of paddy land for commercial purposes, which created food insecurity in the state. Government at various levels are promoting paddy cultivation by providing various incentives and initiatives to paddy farmers. Considering this background a protocol designed to analyse the attitude of rice farmers towards these incentives, the economic viability of paddy cultivation, and to list out the various constraints faced by cultivators. This study relies on primary data gathered from rice farmers of Mayyil Grama Panchayat of Kannur district of Kerala. It is revealed that paddy cultivation is not at all profitable for the majority of the farmers. Among the constraints, non availability of quality seeds, small size of holdings (production constraints) and uneven distribution of rainfall, non availability of labourers in peak time (situational constraint) dominates the scenario. There exists a significant difference in the satisfaction level of farmers with respect to various government incentives.

Re-imagining the Future of Nigeria's Economic Development in the New Taxation Era

Jimmy U. J — Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Nigeria’s perennial quest for sustainable economic development is fundamentally constrained by its excessive reliance on volatile oil revenues and a historically weak non-oil tax base. This article analyzes the evolution of Nigeria's taxation policies, tracing their colonial origins, the post-independence shift to oil dependence, and the recent transformative tax reform agenda (Nigeria Tax Act 2025). It argues that the 'New Taxation Era' characterized by digitalization, enhanced compliance mechanisms, and base broadening offers a critical juncture to re-imagine economic development. The study utilizes a policy-oriented research design evaluating the historical evolution and real-world impact of Nigerian taxation policies from 1970 to the present, focusing entirely on textual evidence and contextual understanding. It was proposed that to sustain tax justice and a workable fiscal social contract, the government must institutionalize a clear, verifiable link between tax revenue and public services, conduct sector-specific digital literacy training, delivered in local languages, to bridge the digital divide in the informal sector, eliminate all instances of multiple taxation, and continuously review the VAT exemption list to ensure that all essential goods and services consumed disproportionately by low-income households (e.g., specific food items, basic public transport) remain zero-rated or exempt. This helps neutralize the regressive impact of consumption taxes, thereby ensuring the tax system promotes tax justice. The paper concludes by suggesting a three-pillar framework: Progressive Tax Justice, sectoral tax incentivization, and technology-driven accountability, as the pathway to a resilient, diversified, and equitable Nigerian economy.

A Functional Examination and Estimation of the Yield Curve Involving the Bliss Three Factor Model

Sat, 07 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study addresses the lack of an established analytic model for generating yield curves in Nigeria. The study employs the three-factor Bliss parsimonious function to model yield and forward curves. The objectives are to derive the console rate and short-term rate, to predict the in-sample performance of the Nigerian Eurobond under the Bliss model, to investigate the impact of time to maturity on the term structure of interest rates, and to derive the yield function from the forward rate. The ordinary least squares (OLS) technique is utilized to estimate model parameters, which are further used to estimate the in-sample yield. The goodness of fit was conducted to validate the model's accuracy. The goodness of fit test, as indicated by the high adjusted R-squared value, confirms that the model accurately represents the observed yield data for the given year. This demonstrates the model's robustness and reliability in predicting yields based on the Bliss three-factor model. The application of the Bliss three-factor parsimonious function and the successful fitting of yield curves with economically interpretable parameters provide a novel contribution to the field. The findings offer valuable insights for financial regulators and market participants in understanding and predicting yield behaviors and economic expectations in the Nigerian context.

A Comparative Analysis of Tesla and Ford for the Previous Six Years

Rezwana Sultana — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

A comparison of Tesla and Ford's financial results during the last six years (2018–2023) is shown in this study. The research assesses the financial directions and strategic approaches of these two automotive behemoths by looking at important variables like total revenue, cost of sales, net profit margin, and gross profit margin. The study uses EDGAR-sourced consolidated income statement data, processes and visualizes it using Power Query and Power BI.

Ford's consistent performance as a legacy automaker making the switch to electric vehicles contrasts with Tesla's explosive development, which is fueled by its emphasis on innovation and electric vehicle production. According to the research, Tesla's operational effectiveness and calculated investments in environmentally friendly technologies have allowed it to continuously increase sales growth and profitability. Ford has had trouble adjusting to changing market conditions and competition from electric car makers, despite still having a strong market presence. The report highlights how the automobile industry is changing, with a particular emphasis on Tesla's contribution to innovation and Ford's attempts to adapt to emerging market trend.

The financial effects of various approaches to the shift to sustainable vehicle solutions are discussed in this study.

Factors Affecting Financial Literacy and Saving Habits among Investors

Meghna Jain, Deepti Bhatia — Wed, 08 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The financial system provides a mechanism that can transform savings into investments. India has been considered a country that saves funds for the future. It could be saved conventionally through cash or in kind. The way savings are being done might vary, and it may not necessarily be formal. Savings can be made in one of the other investment options, which could provide better returns in the future and provide safety. Mainly, people prefer to make an investment in gold as the price of gold is increasing, and some might invest in land. The study aimed to understand the financial literacy level of respondents and compare financial literacy based on demographic variables. A sample of 120 respondents has been considered belonging to different age groups and occupations. The study is not restricted to only males or females, but people of both genders have been considered. The respondents have different literacy levels, and they plan their investment in different ways. The research design in this study is descriptive in nature, since it aims to find out the financial literacy level among respondents. This study aims to evaluate the financial literacy level among 120 respondents from Jabalpur. ANOVA and t-test were applied to test the hypothesis in the study.