Journal of Economic Studies and Financial Research (e-ISSN: 2584-1629)

A Time Series Assessment of the Impact of Government Expenditure on Private Investment and Economic Growth in Bangladesh

Nusrat Jahan — 2025-07-15

This study empirically explores the long-term relationship among government expenditure, private investment and economic growth in Bangladesh, using annual secondary time series data from 1981 to 2022. To analyze the long-run of variables, the Vector Error Correcting Model (VECM) is utilized. It is determined that government spending is statistically significant over the long term and positively correlated with economic growth. Using the PP and ADF tests, I discovered that every variable under consideration is stationary in either the level form or the first differenced form. Every variable is integrated at order one, according to the Unit Root Test, which is used to test the time series characteristic of the data before estimating the long-term relationship. Subsequently, a co-integration test was executed, revealing a single co-integrating equation between the variables. The long run dynamics are estimated using VECM. The findings showed that not every aspect of government spending can be used to explain short-term economic performance. The findings show a strong long-term correlation between Bangladesh's economic development, private investment and government spending. Additionally, the impulse response function lends credence to the finding that development spending increases Bangladesh's economic expansion.

Effect of Macroeconomic Factors on the Exchange Rate (USD/LKR) in Sri Lanka: An Empirical Analysis using Time Series Models

Buddinee Ranasinghe — 2025-08-01

This study examines the impact of macroeconomic factors on Sri Lanka's Exchange Rate (ER) using monthly data from January 2013 to January 2023. Amid growing economic instability, ER fluctuations threaten resilience and sustainable growth, underscoring the need to identify key influencing factors. Advanced econometric analyses were conducted using secondary data from the Central Bank of Sri Lanka and the Department of Census and Statistics. The ARDL (2, 0, 2, 1) model emerged as the best fit, revealing inflation (INF) as a significant long-run determinant positively impacting ER, while trade balance (TB) also plays a crucial role. Interest rates (IR) negatively influence ER but lack statistical significance in level data. The study highlights that managing inflation, fostering trade, and ensuring stable interest rate environments are critical strategies for policymakers. Additionally, diversifying exports, fiscal consolidation, and enhanced risk management are vital for mitigating external uncertainties and promoting economic stability.

Smart Markets, Green Fields: Sustainable Agricultural Marketing and Profits using Digital Platforms in Emerging Economies: A Study on the Cauvery Delta Region in Tamil Nadu

B. Baran Kumar — 2025-08-01

Technology-based innovations in agriculture are changing the paradigm of agricultural marketing in developing countries. In this paper, I analyze the impacts of digital platforms such as e-commerce, mobile applications, block chain, and data-driven marketplaces on the conventional agribusiness marketing systems. It is emphasized how poorly integrated farming digital tools can be leveraged to improve access to markets, streamline supply chain complexities, and provide accurate pricing for small land holding farmers. The study looks at the consequences of environmental and socio-economic processes associated with the e platforms while giving special attention to the advancement of sustainable development in the region. Remaining issues like the lack of requisite computer skills and literacy, infrastructure, policies, and others are deeply analyzed. This paper offers strategic recommendations to e-governments, agricultural enterprises, stakeholders and IT developers to promote flexibility for building prosperous agricultural market ecosystems that are sustainable with the use of mobile technology.

Non Bank Financial Institutions in Bangladesh: Lens through Financial Development

M. K. Shaeba — 2025-08-30

In the financial market of Bangladesh, besides the typical mainstream banking system, non banking financial institutions are emerging as a crucial and indispensable part by serving the gap of credit with diversified financing modes. The importance of the NBFI sector of Bangladesh leads to this study to unearth the development and financial condition over a decade. Data for this study have been collected from the annual report of Bangladesh Bank and the Financial Institutions Division of the Ministry of Finance, covering the period from 2013 to 2023. To analyze the data, simple statistical tools and techniques have been used. The results show that the non performing loan was rising during the study period; the NBFIs were losing profit, which is expected to be reversed for the good governance initiatives taken at present. The deposits are increasing over the year, which is helping to increase the earnings, and also the loans and advances are increasing because of the easy process and good rate of interest. The CAMELS rating of the NBFI's is very moderate since a very small number of companies are seen to be rated strong after the year 2019.

Exploring the Interconnected Dynamics and Long term Implications of Financial Literacy, Retirement Planning, and Household Wealth

Raghvendra — 2025-10-17

Financial literacy plays a pivotal role in shaping household wealth and retirement planning, particularly in emerging economies like India. This study examines the connection between wealth accumulation in Indian households, retirement planning practices, and financial literacy. Leveraging comprehensive financial literacy measures, the study highlights the impact of financial knowledge on wealth management and the critical role of retirement planning in long term financial security. By analyzing data on financial behavior, this paper provides new insights into how informed decision making can drive wealth accumulation, particularly through stock market participation and structured retirement plans. Additionally, the findings indicate the significance of focused financial education programs intended to enhance household financial outcomes, particularly in a diverse socio economic landscape such as India.