Review of Secure Energy Harvesting Techniques for Prolonged IoT Lifespan

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) relies heavily on battery-powered devices, which present a significant challenge due to their limited lifespan and the frequent need for maintenance or replacement. However, integrating energy harvesting into IoT systems introduces several security concerns. These include the protection of energy data; secure energy transfer between devices, and ensuring the integrity of harvested energy to prevent tampering or unauthorized access. Balancing the efficiency of energy harvesting with secure communication and data protection mechanisms is crucial to maintaining both device longevity and system security. This review explores various secure energy harvesting techniques aimed at extending the lifespan of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. It covers energy harvesting methods such as solar, thermal, vibration, and RF, emphasizing their integration with low-power IoT systems. Security challenges related to energy management, including data integrity and protection during energy transfers, are also discussed. The paper highlights emerging solutions that combine energy harvesting with secure communication protocols to ensure both sustainability and security, thereby enhancing the reliability and longevity of IoT devices in real-world applications.