Eric Hope, Amiya Bhaumik, Emmanuel Amoah, John Kwame Adu Jack, and Kofi Obeng Acheampong. “Macroeconomic Determinants of Commercial Bank Profitability in Africa: GDP, Inflation, and Interest Rate Dynamics”. Journal of Accounting Research, Business and Finance Management (e-ISSN: 2582-8851) 7, no. 1 (March 17, 2026): 11–30. Accessed July 26, 2026. https://matjournals.net/engineering/index.php/JARBFM/article/view/3230.