International Journal of Satellite-Based Communication and Wireless Networks System

LEO Satellite-to-Mobile Terminal Performance for 6G Non-terrestrial Networks

2026-01-28T08:20:54+00:00

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems are increasingly recognized as a key component of sixth-generation (6G) non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), particularly for supporting satellite-to-device connectivity under mobility conditions. Unlike geostationary systems, LEO satellites introduce rapid changes in geometry, Doppler shift, and link availability, which directly affect the performance of mobile user terminals. While existing studies have examined LEO-enabled NTNs from a network or physical-layer perspective, fewer works focus on the practical performance limits of mobile satellite terminals operating on the move. This paper presents an analytical and operationally oriented evaluation of LEO satellite-to-mobile terminal performance within a 6G NTN framework. The study adopts a terminal-centric approach, combining analytical link budget calculations with geometry-based elevation and scan-angle analysis to assess feasibility under realistic mobility conditions. The satellite access network is treated as a black-box commercial LEO NTN, allowing the analysis to remain independent of proprietary constellation design or network management mechanisms. The findings highlight the impact of antenna scan behavior, gain-to-noise temperature and effective isotropic radiated power constraints, Doppler dynamics, and sustained power consumption on link continuity during on-the-move operation. The results indicate that mobile terminals can meet baseline LEO NTN performance requirements when operating within defined elevation and mobility bounds, while also revealing trade-offs relevant to tactical-edge and mission-critical applications. The paper contributes practical engineering insight for integrating LEO satellite access into future 6G non-terrestrial architectures.

A Golden Ratio-inspired DGS Multiband Ring Antenna for Next-Generation Wireless Networks

2026-01-17T06:06:55+00:00

Compact multiband antennas with improved gain are a critical requirement for emerging wireless communication systems operating in the L- and S-band frequency ranges. In this work, a low-profile rectangular microstrip ring antenna is proposed by integrating a Defected Ground Structure (DGS) with a Golden Ratio (GR)-based geometric modification to realize multiband behavior and radiation enhancement. The antenna is excited using a quarter-wavelength microstrip feed and implemented on an FR4 dielectric substrate. Two antenna configurations are examined: a conventional 2-mm rectangular ring antenna incorporating DGS and a golden ratio-scaled rectangular ring antenna with an optimized DGS layout. Numerical simulations and experimental validation confirm that the conventional design exhibits dual resonances at 1.85 and 2.10 GHz with a maximum realized gain of 3.38 dB. In contrast, the golden ratio-inspired configuration supports triple-band operation at 1.52, 1.84, and 2.41 GHz while achieving a substantially higher gain of 7.6 dB. The observed performance enhancement is primarily attributed to the redistribution of surface currents and the modification of effective electrical path lengths induced by the golden ratio geometry in combination with the DGS. A close correlation between simulated and measured results verifies the reliability of the proposed antenna for compact multiband wireless communication applications.

Downlink Performance Characterization of UAV-enabled Hybrid mmWave Networks using Poisson Point Processes

2026-02-11T08:24:20+00:00

The increasing demand for rapid, reliable, and high-capacity wireless communication in emergency and infrastructure-deficient environments has accelerated interest in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-assisted cellular networks. In particular, the integration of UAVs with Millimetre-Wave (mmWave) communication presents a promising solution for providing on-demand coverage and high data rates due to the availability of large bandwidth and improved Line-of-Sight (LoS) conditions. However, mmWave propagation is highly sensitive to blockage, path loss, and Three-Dimensional (3D) geometry, making conventional terrestrial channel models inadequate for UAV-assisted deployments. This work develops a comprehensive geometry-based channel modelling framework for UAV-assisted hybrid cellular networks operating at sub-6 GHz (UHF) and mmWave frequency bands, with a focus on downlink performance in emergency deployment scenarios. The proposed model incorporates elevation-angle-dependent probabilistic LoS and non-LoS (NLoS) conditions, realistic path loss and shadowing characteristics, mmWave blockage effects, and directional antenna gain. Stochastic geometry is employed to model the spatial distribution of UAV base stations and ground users using Poisson Point Processes (PPP). Performance evaluation is conducted through extensive simulations, analysing key metrics such as path loss, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), achievable data rate, coverage probability, beamforming gain, and the impact of UAV altitude and density. The results demonstrate the existence of an optimal UAV altitude that balances LoS probability and distance-dependent path loss, highlight the strong dependence of mmWave performance on distance and blockage, and show that increasing UAV density significantly improves user data rate distribution. The proposed framework provides valuable insights for UAV deployment, network planning, and hybrid frequency utilization, and serves as a practical modeling foundation for future 5G/6G UAV-assisted mmWave communication systems, particularly in disaster recovery and public safety applications.

PAPR Reduction in an OFDM System using a Partial Transmit Sequence and Partitioning

2026-01-22T08:14:11+00:00

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the most widely adopted multicarrier modulation techniques in modern high-speed wireless communication systems due to its robustness against frequency-selective fading and efficient utilization of available bandwidth. However, a major drawback of OFDM is its high Peak-To-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), which degrades power amplifier efficiency and increases system cost. To address this issue, this study presents an effective and practical PAPR reduction technique that combines the Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) algorithm with sub-block partitioning schemes. The proposed method integrates the phase rotation capability of PTS with low-complexity partitioning approaches, namely random, interleaved, and adjacent partitioning. While conventional PTS offers substantial PAPR reduction, its high computational complexity limits practical implementation. By incorporating structured partitioning methods, the proposed hybrid approach achieves an improved trade-off between PAPR reduction performance and computational complexity. Simulation results are obtained using MATLAB, and performance is evaluated through Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) analysis. The results clearly indicate that combining PTS with partitioning significantly outperforms conventional OFDM and partitioning-only schemes. Among the evaluated techniques, adjacent partitioning in conjunction with PTS consistently achieves the lowest PAPR values across different subcarrier configurations. The findings demonstrate that the proposed hybrid method is an efficient and viable solution for PAPR reduction in practical OFDM-based wireless communication systems.