A Review of Solar Absorption Refrigeration: A Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Alternative to Conventional Mechanical Cooling
Keywords:
Ammonia–water absorption refrigeration, Lithium bromide–water absorption refrigeration, Mechanical compression refrigeration, Solar absorption refrigeration, Solar thermal energyAbstract
This paper presents a technical assessment of solar absorption refrigeration (SAR) as a sustainable alternative to conventional, electricity-driven vapour compression cooling systems. It examines the performance of two primary working fluid pairs—ammonia-water (NH₃-H₂O) and lithium bromide-water (LiBr-H₂O)—with a focus on their efficiency under high ambient temperatures. A key outcome is the development of a comparative framework that highlights how peak solar availability aligns with periods of highest cooling demand, making SAR particularly suitable for off-grid cooling in arid climates. The review covers recent innovations, including hydrogen-assisted pressure control and the integration of Phase Change Materials (PCM) to stabilize system operation during fluctuations in solar input. Additionally, the study assesses the scalability of SAR systems, noting their potential for industrial applications with capacities extending into the thousands of kilowatts. The results outline a viable pathway to lower greenhouse gas emissions and reduce operating expenses by utilizing low-temperature waste heat, contributing to broader efforts toward decarbonizing the cooling industry.
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