Energy-efficient Solar Roof Integrated Electric Tricycle with Predictive Control under Urban Driving Conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46610/IJREEPS.2026.v02i01.005Keywords:
Eco predictive control, Electric tricycle mobility, Photovoltaic integration, Solar-assisted electric vehicle, Urban drive cycle energy analysisAbstract
Solar-assisted electric mobility presents a sustainable solution for low-speed urban transportation, particularly for assistive electric tricycles designed for handicapped users. In this work, a solar-integrated eco-predictive control strategy is developed for an electric tricycle operating under an urban drive cycle. A comprehensive system model incorporating longitudinal vehicle dynamics, motor power characteristics, lithium-ion battery behaviour and rooftop photovoltaic generation is formulated. The photovoltaic system is interfaced through a DC-DC buck-boost converter to supply auxiliary propulsion energy. An eco-predictive controller is implemented to smooth the speed reference and reduce transient power demand. Simulation results demonstrate a significant reduction in net battery energy consumption and improvement in the final state of charge. The solar roof generates 0.0616 kWh during the drive cycle and offsets approximately 28.59% of propulsion energy demand. The combined approach enhances energy efficiency, reduces battery stress and improves sustainability without compromising speed tracking performance.
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