https://matjournals.net/engineering/index.php/IJMDT en-US International Journal of Machine Design and Technology https://matjournals.net/engineering/index.php/IJMDT/article/view/3836 <p><em>Sheet metal is a wide variety of materials that are used in a variety of different industries to make components that are not only durable but are also lightweight and can be easily bent, stamped and cut into the shape that is required. It is usually a slim metal sheet in different alloys, customised for applications in automotive and aerospace building, consumer goods, and so on. The study is based on the application of Finite Element Analysis in sheet metal bending for the purpose of calculating spring-back for materials AISI 4130 steel (0.6mm) and ASTM A653M (1.0mm). The k-factor was 0.4625 for AISI 4130 and 0.5375 for ASTM A653M. The analysis showed that AISI 4130 has a higher spring-back value, especially at a 110° angle, and ASTM A653M has a lower spring-back value. The value of von Mises stress for AISI 4130 material was 8.464 × GPa and for ASTM A653M material was 6.971 × GPa. To sum up, more springback compensation is suggested for AISI 4130 at mid-range angles, while ASTM A653M offers more predictable and stable forming results. The results indicate that the bending behaviour of the two materials is different in terms of the k factor, showing the uniqueness of the bending behaviour of each material. The evaluation of the springback bending behaviour also showed that the bending behaviour is strongly affected by elastic recovery, which has to be taken into consideration in manufacturing processes to ensure accuracy, particularly for AISI4130. The variables’ effect on springback is used as a basis to improve finite element models for both materials, to increase failure prediction accuracy, and to increase manufacturing efficiency and reliability.</em></p> Jack S. E. Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Machine Design and Technology 2026-07-07 2026-07-07 1 11