Determination of Noise Pollution Levels Caused by Diesel Generators: A Case Study at the MTU University Complex

Abstract

This study assessed noise pollution generated by a 500 kVA diesel generator at the College of Engineering, Middle Technical University, and compared measured levels with international and local standards (WHO, 2018; EPA, 2021; Iraqi Ministry of Environment, 2012). A multi-stage methodology was employed, including field measurements, frequency spectrum analysis, health and psychological surveys, architectural evaluation, and predictive modeling. Noise was recorded across classrooms, laboratories, offices, and corridors at a height of 1.5 m during morning, afternoon, and evening periods. Frequency analysis distinguished high-frequency noise (2–8 kHz) from diesel combustion and low-frequency noise (<250 Hz) from structural vibrations. Survey results (n = 150; Cronbach α = 0.86) revealed prevalent anxiety, reduced concentration, headaches, sleep disturbances, and decreased academic performance during generator operation, with strong community preference for transitioning to clean energy (solar PV). Noise measurements showed extreme exceedance of recommended limits: source points reached >98 dB, surpassing both WHO classroom limits (35 dB) and NIOSH occupational thresholds (85 dB). Indoor locations recorded 62–78.5 dB, influenced by building materials, floor layouts, and occupancy. The findings highlight the urgent need for noise mitigation through insulation, barriers, generator relocation, and vibration control. Transitioning to photovoltaic energy offers an effective and sustainable solution for reducing noise and environmental pollution in academic settings.