Sahar A. Hussein Altaee. “Comparing BERT’s Performance Against CNN, RNN, and LSTM in Spam Detection”. International Journal of Computer Science, Algorithms and Programming Languages 1, no. 2 (December 2, 2025): 33–45. Accessed April 21, 2026. https://matjournals.net/engineering/index.php/IJCSAPL/article/view/2700.