A Review on Energy Storage Technologies for Smart Grids

Abstract

In today’s world, the reliance on oil, coal, natural gas, and nuclear energy has led to significant environmental issues and a persistent energy crisis. While Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) like solar, wind, and tidal power offer solutions to these problems, their variable and intermittent nature presents challenges for managing electrical grids. This paper investigates recent progress in energy storage innovations that enhance the functionality and effectiveness of intelligent grid systems. The development of power systems aims to create advanced smart grids. As we incorporate more renewable energy sources, energy storage systems have become essential. These systems play a vital role in managing and transferring energy, making them crucial for the development and efficiency of modern smart grids. Integrating energy storage technologies into smart grids enhances grid reliability, efficiency, and sustainability. This paper comprehensively reviews various energy storage technologies employed in smart grids, focusing on their characteristics, advantages and applications. By analyzing technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, flow batteries, pumped hydro storage, and emerging solutions, this article aims to elucidate the role of energy storage in addressing the challenges faced by modern power grids.