Real-Time Co-Simulation of Power Electronics and Communication Networks Using HIL and NS-3
Keywords:
Co-simulation, Communication latency, Cyber-physical systems, Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), Microgrids, NS-3, Power electronics, Real-time simulation, Smart grid, V2GAbstract
In modern power systems, the convergence of power electronics and communication networks has introduced new challenges and opportunities for control, monitoring, and system stability. As smart grids, electric vehicles, and decentralized energy resources grow more complex, evaluating their performance in real-world conditions becomes crucial. This review focuses on real-time co-simulation using hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) and NS-3, a network simulation tool, to address the need for high-fidelity simulation environments. The paper reviews the latest approaches for integrating power electronic simulation platforms (such as OPAL-RT, Typhoon HIL, and PLECS RT) with network simulators to assess latency, communication faults, and control performance. Emphasis is placed on synchronization mechanisms, real-time data exchange, and cyber-physical security. We also highlight the applications in microgrid control, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems, and industrial automation. The review identifies research gaps and proposes directions for future work in scalable, flexible, and cyber-resilient co-simulation frameworks.
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