Comprehensive Review on Battery Electric Vehicles: Challenges and Opportunities
Keywords:
Battery-powered vehicles, Battery technology, Electric vehicles (EVs), Environmentally friendly, Zero exhaust emissionsAbstract
Battery technology is very important for helping electric vehicles (EVs) grow and improve. Over the years, the number of EVs has been going up, and experts think there will be more than 125 million EVs on the road by 2030. There are many types of batteries, and new ones are always being developed to help power EVs better. The introduction of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and self-driving cars (autonomous vehicles, or AVs) is bringing big changes to the car industry. BEVs work differently from traditional fuel-powered cars, so things like how far the car can go on a single charge (called range) have become very important for buyers. However, many electric parts still need improvement, and the sensors used for AVs are still quite costly. This is changing how much cars cost to make. These changes do not just affect the cars themselves; they also change how people use cars and what kind of infrastructure is needed. People may use these vehicles differently, and BEVs need charging stations and a strong power supply network. To help car makers and researchers build and improve BEVs, it is important to first understand all the key factors and costs involved. So, we reviewed a lot of research and put together a full list of these important elements, grouped into four areas: the vehicle itself, infrastructure, how people use the cars (mobility), and energy needs.
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