Wireless Charging of On-Road E-Vehicles
Keywords:
Capacitive coupling, Electric Road System (ERS), Electromagnetic induction, Inductive charging roads, Magnetic resonance coupling, On-road chargers, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Wireless charging lanes, Wireless charging receiver, Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)Abstract
Recently, Electric Vehicles (EVs) have become a focal point in the advanced technology trends driving the global revolution. While stationary charging of EVs offers some advantages, it has become increasingly complicated due to time consumption and space requirements. Dynamic wireless charging presents an innovative solution, offering benefits such as reducing frequent load outages, minimizing driving area limitations, and ultimately making EVs more practical and convenient than traditional vehicles with conventional power sources. It has the potential to serve as a replacement for stationary charging. The principle behind this charging method is based on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. The transmitter section generates a magnetic field, which, when in proximity to an EV equipped with a compatible receiver, induces current in the receiver. This current is then used to charge the vehicle’s battery. This process occurs without needing a physical connection, providing a highly efficient, wireless, and automated charging experience.
The potential benefits extend beyond mere convenience, impacting battery design, infrastructure planning, and even urban development. One of the most significant advantages of dynamic wireless charging is its ability to address range anxiety. During long trips, drivers will no longer have to worry about continuously charging their vehicles while driving. This eliminates the need for a large, heavy battery for extended range, potentially leading to lighter and more affordable electric vehicles. Additionally, the continuous charging capability allows for smaller battery capacities, reducing both the total cost and environmental impact of battery production. Beyond expanding range, dynamic wireless charging has the potential to optimize battery usage and extend service life. Maintaining a more consistent state of charge can reduce the strain on batteries caused by deep discharge cycles, potentially increasing operational lifespan. This also leads to more efficient energy management, minimizing energy losses during both charging and discharging processes. The impact on battery technology and management is significant and could usher in a new era of battery design and optimization.
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